How Arizonas Cities are Becoming a Sustainable Green Oasis in the Desert - GREENING THE DESERT

<div>How Tucson is Becoming the Most Sustainable Desert City in the World<br><br></div><div>As the world continues to face the consequences of climate change, cities are finding ways to adapt and become more sustainable. One such city is Tucson, Arizona, which is fast becoming the most sustainable desert city in the world. In this article, we will explore the efforts made by Tucson to combat the urban heat island effect, reduce water consumption, and become a carbon-neutral city by 2030.<br><br></div><div><br>Part 1: The Urban Heat Island Effect<br><br></div><div><br>Arizona has experienced exponential growth over the last few years, attracting people from all over the world seeking new economic opportunities. This has led to the development of large sprawling suburban areas, which has increased the urban heat island effect. This effect occurs when urbanized areas experience higher temperatures than outlying natural surrounding areas due to structures such as buildings, roads, and other infrastructure absorbing and readmitting more of the sun's heat than natural landscapes such as forests and water bodies.<br><br></div><div><br>The use of air conditioning exacerbates the urban heat island effect by releasing ambient heat into cities, increasing the demand to cool down even further. The heat island effect can produce secondary effects on local meteorology, including the altering of local wind patterns, the development of clouds and fog, and the rates of precipitation.<br><br></div><div><br>To combat the heat island effect, the city of Tucson is making incredible green infrastructure innovations. Using simple and cost-effective techniques, they aim to become the leading carbon-neutral city by 2030. This would be a major accomplishment for any city, especially one that only receives approximately 12 inches of rainfall per year.<br><br></div><div><br>Part 2: Water Conservation<br><br></div><div><br>Arizona is a drought-prone state that requires careful water management. Unfortunately, some of the most sought after and popular green neighborhoods in the state have extensive lawns, which need vast amounts of watering to stay green. This is not sustainable since the water used to keep the grass green is the same water people use to drink. The water used to irrigate lawns has been treated and filtered, which is costly and uses resources.<br><br></div><div><br>To reduce water consumption, the city of Tucson has implemented water harvesting techniques. Water harvesting is not a new innovation; humans have been capturing water for millennia. However, in our modern life, we have water harvesting amnesia. Tucson started requiring new developers of commercial properties to irrigate the landscape with 50% water harvesting in 2010. In 2012, the city began a rebate program to encourage water harvesting practices, and in 2017, Tucson launched a grant for funding stormwater harvesting.<br><br></div><div><br>One such resident from Tucson who decided to do something about water conservation is Brad Lancaster. Brad has become an innovator in green infrastructure, and his innovations are helping the desert become green again. He envisioned a sustainable landscape for harvesting rainwater, but it meant he had to do something illegal. Brad started cutting sidewalks and curbs in his neighborhood to route storm runoff into roadside ecosystems planted with native drought-hardy trees. Some of these trees even provide food as well as a much-needed cooling effect and shade. These ecosystems also help with recharging the groundwater, protecting the soil from being exposed from the sun and heat, and creating a filtering effect for the water that lands on the topsoil.<br><br></div><div><br>Part 3: Becoming a Carbon-Neutral City<br><br></div><div><br>To become a carbon-neutral city by 2030, Tucson plans to plant one million native trees, which will totally transform the city's infrastructure to suit water harvesting practices in the urban environment. These efforts will help Tucson become a green carbon-neutral city and, in turn, create a healthier environment for future generations.<br><br></div><div><br>Each one of us is capable of making a difference, and Brad's philosophy is that we need to switch our mindset from commodifying water into communifying water by working together to enhance our local water supply. In addition to the implementation of water harvesting techniques, Tucson is also making efforts to promote sustainable transportation options. The city has established bike lanes, expanded public transportation routes, and encouraged the use of electric vehicles. The Tucson Electric Power Company has also made significant investments in renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power.<br><br></div><div><br>Furthermore, Tucson has made strides in promoting sustainable agriculture practices. The city has a number of community gardens and supports local farmers markets, which offer locally-grown produce and support the local economy. Additionally, Tucson has implemented policies to reduce food waste and encourage composting.<br><br></div><div><br>Tucson's efforts towards sustainability have not gone unnoticed. The city has been recognized as a leader in sustainability and has received numerous awards, including the National Climate Action Planning Award and the American Planning Association's Sustainable Communities Division Award.<br><br></div><div><br>Overall, Tucson's commitment to sustainability serves as a model for other cities to follow. By implementing sustainable practices, Tucson is not only mitigating the effects of climate change, but also creating a healthier and more livable environment for its residents. As the effects of climate change continue to be felt around the world, it is imperative that cities take action to address the issue and promote sustainability.<br><br></div><div><br>Header: The Importance of Individual Action<br><br></div><div><br>While the efforts of cities like Tucson are crucial in the fight against climate change, it is important to remember that individual actions can also make a significant impact. By making simple changes in our daily lives, such as reducing our use of single-use plastics, conserving water, and choosing sustainable transportation options, we can contribute to a more sustainable future.<br><br></div><div><br>One way individuals can make a difference is by reducing their carbon footprint. This can be achieved by reducing energy consumption, using energy-efficient appliances, and choosing renewable energy sources whenever possible. Additionally, individuals can make conscious choices when it comes to transportation, such as walking, biking, or using public transportation instead of driving alone.<br><br></div><div><br>Header: The Role of Education<br><br></div><div><br>Education also plays a vital role in promoting sustainability. By educating individuals about the impacts of climate change and the importance of sustainable practices, we can inspire a culture of sustainability that will benefit future generations.<br><br></div><div><br>Schools and universities can play a key role in this effort by incorporating sustainability into their curriculums and promoting sustainable practices on their campuses. Additionally, public awareness campaigns and community events can help educate individuals and raise awareness about sustainability issues.<br><br></div><div><br>Header: The Need for Global Cooperation<br><br></div><div><br>While individual actions and local efforts are important, addressing climate change requires global cooperation. The effects of climate change are felt around the world, and no single country or region can address the issue on their own. International cooperation and agreements, such as the Paris Agreement, are crucial in promoting sustainable practices and mitigating the effects of climate change.<br><br></div><div><br>Furthermore, developed countries have a responsibility to support developing countries in their efforts towards sustainability. This can be achieved through financial and technological assistance, as well as sharing knowledge and best practices.<br><br></div><div><br>Conclusion:<br><br></div><div><br>In conclusion, the issue of climate change requires collective action and cooperation from individuals, cities, and countries around the world. Tucson serves as a model for cities seeking to promote sustainability and mitigate the effects of climate change. By implementing sustainable practices and promoting education and awareness, we can create a more sustainable future for ourselves and future generations.</div>

One of the most sustainable desert cities on earth is Tucson which is situated in the Western United States in Southern Arizona known for its desert climate, with very hot summers and mild winters.

The climate has meant Arizona has been a hub for agricultural growth for thousands of years which has  attracted people from all over the world seeking new economic opportunities.

Since the invention of the portable air conditioner in the 1950s the population and economy of Arizona has increased dramatically.

As a result The cities of Phoenix and Tucson have developed large, sprawling suburban areas which have increased the heat island effect. 

The heat island effect is when urbanized areas experience higher temperatures than outlying natural surrounding areas. Structures such as buildings, roads, and other infrastructure absorb and 
re-emit the sun's heat more than natural landscapes such as forests and water bodies.

This research paper: Anthropogenic heating of the urban environment due to air conditioning, from the Arizona university showed that: during the night, heat emitted from AC systems increased the mean 2 m-air temperature by more than 1 °C for some urban locations.

Some of the most sort after and popular green neighborhoods in the state have extensive lawns and unfortunately these grass lawns need vast amounts of watering to stay green, and in such a drought prone state, this is not sustainable.

Since the water used to keep grasses green all year around, is the same water people used to drink, the water has been treated and filtered, which is costly and uses resources, the water is over extracted from wells, or dammed and this diverted water from rivers and springs is used faster than rainfall can replenish them.

These non native grasses often require pesticides and need to be managed with petrol driven gardening tools, which pollute the watershed around the home.

The urban environment also prevents ground water from recharging, water rapidly runs off paved surfaces, instead of being absorbed into the aquifers.
As we keep consuming the ancient groundwater, without it being replenished, water tables drop and rivers start to dry up

In response the city of Tucson is going to be making some incredible green infrastructure innovations to combat the heat island effect, using very simple and cost effective techniques to become the leading green carbon neutral city by 2030 this can be considered a major accomplishment for any city, especially one that only receives approximately 12 inches of rainfall per year.

In this video we are going to show you how Brad Lancaster has helped Tucson Arizona to become the most sustainable desert city in the world…

More about Brad Lancaster here: https://youtube.com/c/HarvestingRainwater



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Discover everything about vertical farming: from DIY projects at home to advanced technology. Learn the pros and cons, benefits, and even access PDF guides. Explore systems for both indoor and outdoor vertical farming.

Vertical farms could take over the world | Hard Reset by Freethink

<h1>2-Vertical Farming and the Future of Agriculture: Revolutionizing Food Production</h1><div><br><br></div><h1>4-Introduction</h1><div><br></div><div>With the world's population expected to hit nearly 10 billion by 2050, finding ways to feed everyone is becoming a complex issue. Traditional agriculture might not suffice due to limited resources and environmental issues. That's where vertical farming comes in as an innovative solution. From small-scale home projects to large vertical farming systems, this technology offers various benefits like sustainability and efficiency. While some criticize it for potential downsides, the technology is continually evolving to address these concerns. Whether you're interested in outdoor setups or looking for a PDF guide on vertical farming, this new approach is transforming how we think about agriculture globally.</div><div><br></div><h1>2-What is Vertical Farming?</h1><div><br>Vertical farming is the practice of growing plants in stacked layers, often in a controlled indoor environment, using hydroponic or aeroponic systems. These farms can be housed in warehouses, shipping containers, or even abandoned buildings, making them an attractive option for urban agriculture. As technology continues to advance, the potential applications of vertical farming are expanding, with researchers exploring its use for growing not just leafy greens and herbs but also fruiting crops like tomatoes, peppers, and even strawberries.<br><br></div><div><br></div><h1>2-The Benefits of Vertical Farming3- 1.Space Efficiency with Vertical Farming</h1><div><br>One of the key advantages of vertical farming is its ability to produce more food in a smaller area. By stacking plants vertically, farmers can grow up to 100 times more crops per square foot compared to traditional farming methods. This not only saves space but also reduces the need for deforestation and land conversion.<br><br></div><h1>3-2.Environmental Sustainability</h1><div><br>Vertical farms are more environmentally friendly than their traditional counterparts. They use up to 95% less water, as water is recirculated through the system, preventing waste. Furthermore, because the plants are grown indoors, there's no need for harmful pesticides or herbicides, which can contaminate the soil and water supply.<br><br></div><h1>3- 3.Year-Round Production</h1><div><br>Climate-controlled indoor environments allow for year-round crop production, regardless of the weather outside. This means that vertical farms can produce fresh, local produce all year long, reducing the need for long-distance transportation and the associated carbon emissions.<br><br></div><h1>3-4.Reduced Food Miles</h1><div><br>By growing food in urban areas, vertical farming can drastically reduce the distance food travels before it reaches consumers. This not only cuts down on transportation costs and carbon emissions but also ensures that produce is fresher and more nutritious when it arrives at the market.<br><br></div><h1>3-5.Improved Food Security</h1><div><br>Vertical farming offers a viable solution for addressing food security concerns in areas with limited arable land or harsh climates. By growing food locally, communities can become more self-sufficient and less reliant on imports, reducing their vulnerability to fluctuations in global food prices and supply chain disruptions.<br><br></div><div>Challenges and Limitations<br><br></div><h1>3-1.High Upfront Costs</h1><div><br>One of the main challenges facing vertical farming is the high upfront cost of setting up a facility. The cost of purchasing or leasing land, constructing the farm, and installing the necessary equipment can be prohibitive for some farmers, particularly those in developing countries.<br><br></div><h1>3-2.Energy Consumption</h1><div><br>Vertical farms rely on artificial lighting and climate control systems to provide optimal growing conditions for their crops. These systems can be energy-intensive, leading to concerns about the overall sustainability of vertical farming. However, as technology continues to improve and renewable energy sources become more widely available, this issue may be mitigated.<br><br></div><h1>3-3.Limited Crop Variety</h1><div><br>While vertical farming has proven successful for growing leafy greens and herbs, it remains to be seen whether it can be scaled up to accommodate a wider variety of crops. Research is ongoing to determine the feasibility of growing fruiting crops like tomatoes, peppers, and strawberries in vertical systems.<br><br></div><div><br></div><h1>2-Vertical Farm Case Study - Plenty</h1><div><br>Companies like Plenty are at the forefront of the vertical farming revolution. Plenty's vertical farms use advanced technology and data-driven approaches to optimize growing conditions and maximize crop yields. Located in San Francisco, the company's farms are designed to produce high-quality, nutrient-dense produce while using fewer resources than traditional agriculture.<br><br></div><h1>3-1.Technology and Innovation</h1><div><br>Plenty utilizes machine learning, artificial intelligence, and robotics to optimize every aspect of the growing process, from planting seeds to harvesting crops. Their state-of-the-art climate control systems and LED lighting ensure that plants receive the ideal amount of light, temperature, and humidity, promoting faster growth and higher yields.<br><br></div><h1>3-2.Sustainable Practices</h1><div><br>The company is committed to environmental sustainability, using 95% less water and 99% less land than conventional agriculture. They also prioritize energy efficiency, using renewable energy sources and advanced LED lighting to minimize their carbon footprint.<br><br></div><h1>4-3.Local Focus</h1><div><br>By situating their farms close to urban centers, Plenty is able to deliver fresh produce to local markets within hours of harvest. This ensures that customers receive the freshest, most nutritious produce possible while reducing the environmental impact of transportation.<br><br></div><h1>3-4.Expanding the Market</h1><div><br>Plenty is not only focused on leafy greens and herbs; they're also working on expanding their portfolio to include fruiting crops like tomatoes and strawberries. This will allow them to offer a more diverse range of produce to consumers and further disrupt the traditional agriculture industry.<br><br></div><div><br></div><h1>2-The Future of Vertical Farming</h1><div><br>As the world grapples with the challenges of feeding a growing population and addressing environmental concerns, vertical farming is poised to play a significant role in shaping the future of agriculture. With continued advancements in technology, vertical farming has the potential to become even more efficient, sustainable, and accessible, offering a viable alternative to traditional farming methods.<br><br><br></div><h1>3-1.Government Support and Policies</h1><div><br>To foster the growth of vertical farming, governments around the world can implement policies that incentivize its adoption. This may include offering grants or tax breaks for vertical farm startups, as well as incorporating vertical farming into urban planning strategies.<br><br></div><h1>3-2.Advances in Technology</h1><div><br>As technology continues to evolve, vertical farms are expected to become even more efficient and cost-effective. Breakthroughs in areas like LED lighting, renewable energy, and automation could further reduce the environmental impact and operational costs of vertical farming, making it an increasingly attractive option for food production.<br><br></div><h1>3-3.Public Awareness and Education</h1><div><br>Raising public awareness of the benefits of vertical farming is crucial to its widespread adoption. By educating consumers about the advantages of locally grown, sustainable produce, vertical farming can gain a larger share of the market and help drive demand for more sustainable food production methods.<br><br><br></div><div>Conclusion<br><br></div><div>Vertical farming represents a revolutionary approach to agriculture that has the potential to address many of the challenges faced by traditional farming methods. By maximizing space efficiency, reducing environmental impact, and improving food security, vertical farming offers a promising solution to feeding the world's growing population. As technology continues to advance and public awareness grows, vertical farming is poised to play an increasingly important role in the future of agriculture, transforming how we produce and consume food for the better.</div>

Vertical farming saves water, land, and energy — and it could be how we grow food on Mars. 

Subscribe here: http://freeth.ink/youtube-subscribe-verticalfarming

Vertical farming is a type of indoor farming where crops are grown in stacked layers, rather than spread out across large plots of land. These farms offer many benefits over traditional ones, including the prospect of better access to healthy foods in underserved communities. 

Because vertical farms use LED lighting, their output isn’t subject to the natural elements that typically affect plant production such as adverse weather, insects, and seasons. 

They’re better for the environment because they require less energy and put out less pollution, without a need for heavy machinery, pesticides, or fertilizers. Additionally, soil-less farming methods like aeroponics require just 10% of the amount of water consumed by outdoor farms. 

Adopting these sustainable farming practices could lead to a monumental shift in how we produce food on Earth, and enable us to create a reliable food source beyond our planet.

See the full article on vertical farming here: https://www.freethink.com/videos/vertical-farming

Up next- Futuristic Farms That Will Feed the World: https://youtu.be/KfB2sx9uCkI

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How Sahara Fog Nets are Making Abundant Water in the Desert - GREENING THE DESERT PROJECT

The sahara desert is one of the most extreme and harshest environments on earth. 60 percent of people in southwest morocco do not have running water in their homes. Around 40 percent of the world's population faces water shortages. A new innovative technology is. turning water scarcity around. It's bringing safe drinking water to the. saHara  region in southwest  morOCco in. this video. We will show you how. water abundance is being created in the desert using the. largest water capturing system. of its kind to provide  drinking. water to hundreds of thousands of people. in 16 remote villages. The video will also show how they have. managed to irrigate  agricultural land back into a. farmland oasis. We hope you will enjoy the video as much as we did. Back to Mail Online home.Back to the page you came from. Click here to read the rest of the article.. The saharan desert is the  largest  hot  desert  in the world spanning  across  11 million. kilometers squared. It covers  a  surface. area  larger  than  the australian. continent. It has a vast topographical diversity from  altitudes  below sea level. to mountains of 3000 metres. resulting in a varied  climate. The anti-atlas  mountains receive. less than  5.2  inches  of rainfall a year. This  makes this  one  of the driest  places in. moroccos and  prone  to severe droughts. The region is a hot spot for endemic biodiversity due to its unique climate. It gets  extremely dry  and. arid  in  the summer  and  over the  over  the  desert. However  since  this area is in the transitional  zone  of  thesahara  desert it gets extremely  dry  in. the  summer and  arid in the winter. It is also a hot  spot  for. endemic  biodiversity  due  to  its  unique climate which  naturally borders. the atlantic ocean which  brings  a cold front of wind and fog. This video will show  you  how  they have managed  to turn  desertified  land  back  into  a farmland  oasis  so stick with us  as  we dive  into the video. The  video  will be available on Monday, November 14th at 9pm GMT. Click  here to see the full video and to watch it again on Tuesday, November 15th at 10pm GMT and Wednesday, November 16th at 11am GMT and Thursday, November 17th at 12pm GMT (GMT - 1pm BST) The video  is available in English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Arabic, and Arabic. The. video is also available in the UK and the U.S. on the BBC iPlayer, and on the iTunes App Store and the Google Play Store. Click HERE to watch the video and the BBC TV version of this article in its entirety. The Video is available to download for free on the Apple Store and Google Play, as well as the PC and the Mac and Mac OS versions of the video, and the Windows Store. The  video is available on the iPlayer and the Android and the PC Store. CLICK HERE to view the video in its full version and the Apple and the iPad versions of this video are available for the same price and more than a limited number of countries. The videos are available in UK, Germany, France, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, the UK, Australia and the Netherlands. The UK and Germany are among the countries where the technology is being used to create water abundance in the Sahara Desert. The technology is available at a number of locations around the world, including in 16 villages in the south of the country and in the northern part of Morocco. The world's largest water capture system  is located in the region of southwestern moroc co. and is being trialled in the town of al-Hussein.

The Sahara is one of the most extreme and harshest environments on earth. Its the largest hot desert in the world spanning across 11 million km2  covering a greater surface than the Australian continent. 

It has a vast topographical diversity from altitudes below sea level to mountains of 3,000 m resulting in a varied climate. 

On the edge of the Sahara in South Western Morocco, the Anti-Atlas mountains receive less than 5.2 inches of rainfall a year, barely 10 percent of the global average, which makes this one of the driest place in morocco and is prone to severe droughts.

In this region 60% of people do not have running water in their homes, and the water may not be safe for drinking. 

The lack of water and severe drought have made farming unpredictable, as a result men are forced to search for work in the cities, whilst women remain in the villages and walk for 3 miles a day to wells to access safe drinking water. Unfortunately these Wells are now drying up because ground water levels are plummeting 

Currently around 40 percent of the world’s population faces water shortages. That includes some two billion without safe drinking water, despite the fact the planet is covered by 70% water bodies
Only 3% of the world’s water is actually freshwater and two-thirds of this is unavailable for us to access because it is tucked away in frozen glaciers.

However a new innovative technology is turning water scarcity around bringing safe drinking water to the Sahara region in south west Morocco.

In this video we will show you how water abundance is being created in the desert, using the largest water capturing system of its kind, to provide safe drinking water to hundreds of thousands of people, in 16 remote villages and how they have managed to irrigate agricultural fields, turning desertified land back into a farmland oasis.

T hanks to Aissa Derhem the president of the Moroccan NGO Dar Si Hmad, fertility in the western Sahara is being restored.

Aissa Derhem is mathematician and businessman whose parents were originally from Mount Boutmezguida in the anti atlas mountains near the coastal town of Sidi Ifni. where the slopes are covered in mist on average 130 days a year. Despite the lack of rain Aissa Derhem knew that he could create water from the fog.

Whilst living in Canada in the 1980s Aissa Derhem was studying for his PhD. 
He learned about fog collection in Chile’s Atacama Desert one of the first projects in the world to collect water from nets. However it would have to be using slightly new technology that could withstand the strong winds that come off the Atlantic oceans

The German Water Foundation known as Wasserstiftung, have created a new innovative technology known as Aqualonis, formally known as CloudFisher, to catch safe drinking water with fog nets that can withstand 120km and have higher water yields than other types of fog nets.
             
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#watershortage

How America's hottest city is trying to cool down

Temperatures in Phoenix have hit 100 degrees or higher for more than 144 days in a row. The average income for a family of four in Phoenix is about $19,000. Eva Olivas, a local community advocate, says the city is designed to capture heat. The city has tried painting someroads and reflective roofs to try to mitigate heat in a city like this. It's estimated that there are more than 4 parking spots for every car in Phoenix. The sun just beams into all that pavement. And it doesn't just roast anyone who happensto walk across it, it’s also transferring heat to the air, day and night. "Warmer is the new normal in Phoenix.". "Climate change is one factor causing risingtemperature.. "Urban development is the other.". “We're like a little pocket.. That's a lot of pavement.. A lot of concrete, a lotof industryhere..” “It's like we’re in the Sonoran Desert, so of course thesummers are hot.. But it also seems like this entire city wasalmost designed to captured heat." “This isn’t a highway, this is just the Phoenixgrid.. And the buildings are so flat and set back from the sidewalk, so they don’n't create much shade at all.. And then there’d be the parking lots.. I read one estimate that there is more than4 parking spaces for everycar in Phoenix.. And it's like a race between the cars and the heat.” "We’ve got to get out of this heat. It’ll get worse and worse and it won't get any better." "I’m looking at a map of surface temperaturesin the Phoenix metro area.. So this is in Arizona, in the southwest USand it shows how hot the ground is in June." "Darker blue means more poverty.. Sothis is heat.. And this is poverty.. Heat.. Poverty.. Heat, Poverty.. The correlation is pretty obvious.. This is where it becomes clear that climatechange and wealth inequality are not really. separate issues.. And you can probably find examples of thatwherever you go in the world, but for this. story, I went... there." "An excessive heat warning is in effect." "The city's grappling with an increase inheat related deaths." "Phoenix, last year, hitting 100 degree orhigher for over 144 days." "We have to get the heat out of the city." "It's time to start thinking about how we're going to deal with the heat in the future." "What are we going to do about the climate change?" "We can't just sit here and wait for it to get worse" "We need to start talking about it. We need to talk about it now. We can't wait for the next generation to get used to the climate. We have to do something about it." "This is not a Chevy ad, I promise this is not an ad. I promise I didn't do this poorly" "I promise I did not do that poorly.. Also, I just borrowed my dad's car, Ijust borrowed my father's car" "This isn't a Chevy advert, I'm sorry. I'm so sorry. This is not about Chevy ads, I was just trying to do a story about the Phoenix grid." "There's no way to get around it, so I'm just going to have to go to the other side of the street and see what else I can do." "If you want to talk to someone about the heat, talk to me about the solutions." "How do you deal with it?" "I don't know how to get rid of the heat" "What do you think you can do?" "You can do something to make it a little bit more comfortable for your family?" "How can you help?" "What would you like to do to make a difference in the lives of your community?"

Can trees help save Phoenix from extreme heat?

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It’s time to stop looking at trees as a form of “beautification.” They are, instead, a living form of infrastructure, providing a variety of services that include stormwater management, air filtering, carbon sequestration, and, most importantly for a city like Phoenix, Arizona, they cool the environment around them. 

Trees can lower neighborhood temperatures in three ways: 
1) Their shade prevents solar radiation from hitting paved surfaces like concrete and asphalt, which absorb energy and rerelease it into the air as heat. 
2) Their leaves pull heat from the immediate area in order to evapotranspirate water that’s drawn from the soil. 
And, 3) If you’re standing under one, a tree protects your body directly from the sun’s rays. If you’ve ever made a summer visit to a dry, hot city like Phoenix, you’ll know how important shade is for making any outdoor experiences tolerable. 

As Phoenix deals with a rising frequency of extreme heat waves — which aren’t only deadly, but also cause worrisome spikes in energy demand — the city is looking to trees as part of its heat mitigation strategy. Phoenix isn’t devoid of trees, but they’re distributed unevenly across the city. A quick glance at a satellite image of the metro area reveals substantial green splotches in the north and east and brown ones in the south and west, where many lower-income neighborhoods are located. 

So Phoenix recently pledged to reach “tree equity” by 2030, under an agreement with American Forests, a national tree organization. I visited Phoenix recently to take a look at the current state of the city’s urban forest. In this video, we use drone imagery and thermal cameras to understand how the urban design of the city contributes to extreme heat, and what it can do to cool down. 

This is the first video of five videos we're releasing on climate change. You can watch the second video, about high-voltage transmission lines ⚡️ and why the US isn't ready for clean energy, here: https://youtu.be/s3ScJ_FwaZk

And the third video dives into prescribed burns, and how a decade of suppressing forest fires 🔥  may have made them worse, here: https://youtu.be/0o6ezu_h6iE

Further reading:

Tree Equity Score Tool by American Forests https://treeequityscore.org 

Assessment of heat mitigation strategies in Phoenix by Arizona State University https://www.phoenix.gov/parkssite/Documents/PKS_Forestry/PKS_Forestry_NOAA_PHX_Urban_Spaces_Report.pdf

Urban Heat Implications from Parking, Roads, and Cars https://par.nsf.gov/servlets/purl/10201112 

“Phoenix pledges tree equity for all neighborhoods by 2030” by KJZZ https://kjzz.org/content/1677263/phoenix-pledges-tree-equity-all-neighborhoods-2030 

Phoenix Draft Climate Action Plan: https://www.phoenix.gov/oep/cap 

Phoenix tree bank https://www.phoenix.gov/sustainability/plantatree  

“50 Grades of Shade” by Ariane Middel https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/bams/aop/BAMS-D-20-0193.1/BAMS-D-20-0193.1.xml 

“A New Investigation About Who’s Getting Sick From Heat-Related Illness Should Be a Wakeup Call for America” by Mother Jones https://www.motherjones.com/environment/2021/01/a-new-investigation-about-who-is-dying-from-heat-related-illness-should-be-a-wakeup-call-for-america/ 

“As rising heat bakes US cities, the poor often feel it most” by NPR https://www.npr.org/2019/09/03/754044732/as-rising-heat-bakes-u-s-cities-the-poor-often-feel-it-most?t=1628079007286 

“Can trees really cool our cities down?” by The Conversation https://theconversation.com/can-trees-really-cool-our-cities-down-44099 

“Trees are key to fighting urban heat, but cities keep losing them” by NPR https://www.npr.org/2019/09/04/755349748/trees-are-key-to-fighting-urban-heat-but-cities-keep-losing-them 

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What is Climate Change? | Start Here

Scientists say there’s a 95% chance that human activity is the cause of climate change. We’ve been burning more and more fossil fuels like oil and coal, which release CO2, to power our homes, factories, airplanes and cars. The global population has tripled in the past 70 years. And we’re consuming more products from animals that release another pollutant called Methane. So all those gases. are in the air, and when sunlight gets into the earth's atmosphere, some of the heat gets trapped, and the planet gets warmer. If we don't. slow that warming down, it could mean catastrophe within my lifetime, and maybe yours too. ‘If 99% of doctors said to you, or medicine, or sick and probably you would take it, we don’t have any medicine at the moment,’ says Pope Francis. “We are well into the 6th mass extinction event. Climate change is happening,” says climate scientist Michael Mann. ”Europe is currently colder than the Artic.” ‘Millions of people are likely to suffer worsening food and water shortages.’ ‘The drought that’’ now in its tenth year is a phenomena that is here to stay, says U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry. � ‘This is a real threat to humankind, and we are not doing enough.‘ ‘ Entire coastal cities could be underwater within 80 years, like Miami in the US or Osaka in Japan. Entire island nations in the pacific could completely disappear. People around the world. are already losing their homes. And if things carry on, millions more of us will. have to pack up too. The UN says even 2. degrees would 'probably' be alright. But again, the problem is speed. Because right now, we. are on track to hit 1.5 degrees in only ten years. The big pledge is to cap temperatures by 1.5 degrees. Three years after the Paris Agreement, global CO2 levels are still going up. But the thing here is that we still have three years to slow all this down. And there is a plan to slow this down, but there is no plan to stop all this all at once. It’ll take a long time to get to the bottom of it, but it will be worth it in the long run. It will be a game-changer for the future of our planet. It could be the last chance for us to have a say in how our planet is governed. It would be the beginning of the end of an era that has been dominated by humans for a very, very long time. It is the time to act now, and it is the only chance we have to save the planet from itself. It's the only way we can have a better future for our children and grandchildren. We need to take the lead and act now. We must act now to stop the climate crisis of our time. We can't let it become the next 9/11. We cannot let the next 10 years of our lives be the decade of the Great Depression. It must be the century of theocene. It can't be the 20th century. It has to be the year of the Anthropocene. We have to do it now. It needs to be a tipping point. We are already getting a taste of what is coming. And it is already happening. We don't have to wait for it to become a reality. The time has come to act, and now is the right time to take a step forward, and to take action now. The only thing we can do is to slow it down, and not wait for the next 100 years. We will have to take steps now to make sure that we are on the right track, and that we have a chance to make a difference in the next few decades. And that is what we are going to do. The future of the planet is in the hands of the people of the world, and they have the power to play a key role in the fight against climate change, not just wait and wait for a few decades to come. We. are not going to wait until the next century to take control of the future. We just need to start acting now. And the time is now to take responsibility for our future, and start acting today, and take a big step towards a better, more sustainable, more resilient, and more resilient world. We all have a shared responsibility to be part of the solution to the climate change that we can all live in the 21st century. And I’m looking forward to the future, not the last decade of this century. I hope you will join me in taking the lead on this issue.

The hard facts about global warming - a defining issue of our time.
Climate change is happening now, and even world leaders meeting for climate talks at this year’s Cop25 know we aren’t doing enough to stop it.
In fact, we’re going backwards. The UN says carbon dioxide levels in our atmosphere are going up, and the earth is on track to warm by 3.2 degrees before the century is over. The consequences of that acceleration are already proving disastrous for communities around the world.
This week’s episode of Start Here cuts through the science and the politics, to get you what you need to know about what’s at stake for the planet.

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How Spain is Turning it's Deserts into a Farmland Oasis - GREENING THE DESERT PROJECT

spain is home to mainland europe's only desert situated on the southern eastern part of. the iberian peninsula bordering with france in the north portugal to the west and mainland. africa to the south spain spans across 500 000 kilometers squared which is comparable to. the u.s state of california in size. scientific research suggests that spain is said. to become completely desertified in the next 80 years right now 31.5 percent of spain. is already affected by desertification and 18 is at high risk of becoming irreversibly desert. spain has been making some remarkable restoration developments turning large areas suffering from desertification into. fertile land this transformation is a major accomplishment considering spain semi-arid regions only receive 11. inches of rainfall per year in today's video we're going to tell you how and. why spain is turning its deserts into biodiverse ecosystems and fertile farmlands so stick with. us and let's dive intoToday's video in this episode of our regreening the desert. series we will be exploring one of  spain's many remarkable restoration projects to re-green the. desert and turn it back into fertile land. i decided to go and take a look for myself. to see the improvements and the techniques that have been used firsthand as i entered the most exposed and harsh conditions this is the very front line where there is only pure sand and. then the sea there were some small clumps of native sand dune grasses growing here. and i found many clumping of grasses that had been mulching down and degrading over. several years incredibly creating its own topsoil the soil was moist to touch and it was obviously capturing and holding water even in this extremely harsh environment it's even moist and there. i found the sand dunes which have shown a considerable improvement in recent years and have restored coastal. forests and farmland since so i decided  to go  to see  the vegetation growing in the most  exposed and. harsh conditions. i first wanted to inspect the vegetationgrowing in themost exposed and  harsh conditions to see  the improvements and the techniques that have  been used to turn the desert into a biodiverse ecosystem and a more  biodiverse landscape. I found the grasses and grasses which had been  mulched down and degrading over the years incredibly creating its own topsoil and capturing and holding water even in this extremely harsh environment it was moist and there were some small clumps of grasses that were growing here. i found the sand dunes which have shown an. important purpose by protecting inland areas from high energy storms and act as a resilient. barrier to the destructive forces of wind and waves. I also found the dunes that were able to absorb. the impact and protect inland areas of high energy storms and act as a resilient  barrier to the destructive forces of wind and waves. i visited the beach where there are some small clumps of native sand dunes growing here and i found the sand mushrooms that had been Mulching down and degrading over. several years. i wanted to inspect the dunes near barcelona airport and by 2019 it had expanded its initiative countrywide. by using a very simple and cost-effective technique a report was published last year analyzing. the dune re-greening in recent years. i went to the beach to see some of the  improvements and to see the improved vegetation growing in the most exposed areas of the country. i also found a small clump of native sand dune  grasses growing here which had been mulching down and degrading over several years and was obviously capturing and holding water even in this extremely harsh environment it's actually moist and there.

How Spain is Turning it’s Deserts into a Farmland Oasis

Spain is home to The Tabernas Desert, known as mainland Europe's only desert. Shockingly scientific research suggests that Spain is set to become completely desertified in the next 80 years, right now 31.5% of Spain is already affected by desertification and 18% is at high risk of becoming irreversibly desert. This is due to the increase in temperatures, droughts, and less precipitation has made southern Europe vulnerable to problems such as “lower food production, soil infertility, decreases in the land’s natural resilience, and reduced water quality” as the European Court of Auditors (ECA) has pointed out in its report "Combating desertification in the EU." 

The Iberian peninsular was once covered in ancient oak forests, and over the last centuries was completely deforested for timber use and overgrazing livestock. Currently 16 million hectares of land is used for Intensive industrial agriculture which is rapidly eroding the soil further.

However Spain has been making some remarkable restoration developments turning large areas suffering from desertification into fertile land. This transformation is a major accomplishment considering Spain’s semi arid regions only receive 11 inches of rainfall per year.

We are going to tell you how and why Spain is turning its deserts into bio-diverse ecosystems and fertile farmlands

In this episode of our Greening the Desert Series we will be exploring one of Spain’s many remarkable restoration projects to re-green the desert and turn it back into fertile land.

We will start of by visiting one of the most drastically effected areas in the north eastern coastal region of Spain called Catalonia. Where Coastal forests and farmlands are affected by saltwater intrusion and soil salinization due to sea levels rising, storms, tides, droughts, and water resources management. Salinization of soil negatively impacts plant development and induces land degradation, turning these already semi arid regions into deserts. The increased amount of soil salination is exasperated by the loss of the dune habitat which acts as a natural barrier between the land and the sea.

The sand dunes of coastal Spain having been declining since the 1970s and accelerated in recent decades due to over tourism. Local wildlife has suffered, sea turtles and birds have declined with many species of plants endangered or have disappeared all together. 

In 2003 the government started a restoration of the dunes project near Barcelona airport and by 2019 it has expanded its initiative countrywide by using a very simple and cost effective technique. 

A report on the Assessment of the Restoration of the Dunes was published by Antoni Calafatlast last year, which have shown a considerable improved in recent years and I have seen first hand how it has helped to restore coastal forests and farmlands since. 



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How the Sahara Desert is Turning into a Farmland Oasis - GREENING THE DESERT PROJECT

part1, the sahara is the largest desert in the world filling nearly all of northern. africa it measures approximately, 3 000 miles the savanna is boarded in the west by. the atlantic ocean in the north by, the atlas mountains in the mediterranean sea in. the east by the red sea and in the south, by the saha the sahao. forms a transitional zone between the. humid savannas to the north and the belt, of the. drier savanna to the east and the. moist savanna. to the south and west the savannahs are the most arid region of africa the saharas are the only land in africa that is not covered by a large. forest. the, forest in the african savanna has been lost over the last few decades due to the expansion of cropland and human pressure because, few trees remained on the. fields farmers often witnessed their newly planted crops being destroyed by the wind, erosion africa. is currently losing 4 million hectares of forest every year for this reason yet has. more, than 700 million hect of degraded land viable for restoration by bringing degraded land. back to life farmers, do not have to clear additional forest land to turn it. into croplland for africa's rising population and, growing food demands restoring degraded land back to. productive good health is a huge opportunity for afrika it, brings big social and economic. benefits to rural farming communities it helps combat climate change and brings technology, to enhance. traditional knowledge one of the main regenerative initiatives which is restoring 5 million hectares and. 200 million trees in. land, in niger is farm managed natural regeneration known as fmnr fmn r is a low-cost. land restoration technique used, to combat poverty and hunger amongst poor substance farmers by increasing. food and timber production and resilience to, climate extremes fmnR increases the productivity and resilience. of crop fields and pasture lands in the challenging growing, conditions of afrika's saharan it. is a technology that has proven amongst the most transformative of all fmn, started in. 1983 in, niger pioneered by tony tony ronaldo an australian agronomist who is widely known as. the, forest maker having lived and worked in african countries for several decades he has. discovered and put into, practice a solution to the extreme deforestation and desertification of african. savanna and. the. savannah in the. niger. republic niger which is, officially a. republic is a landlocked country in west africa named after the niger river over 80. percent, of its land area lies in the sahara desert those trying to grow crops. in the sahel region, are often faced with poor soil erratic rainfall and long periods. of drought farmers faced significant tree losses, in the 1970s and 80s as a result. of droughts and extreme heat and drought in the region it's, fast becoming completely desertified this land loss is a driver of. many other problems such as hunger poverty, unemployment forced migration conflict as well as an. increased risk of extreme weather events however the country niger, has been making some astonishing agricultural developments turning large areas suffering from desertification, into agricultural. fields and. forests. in.. the country. has been doing this for the last 30 years. in a. number of years. farmers have been able to restore. degraded lands build resilience, and help people and societies adapt to climate change protecting and. enhancing forests are also an essential way to combat in climate change a forest, technique is successful fmnmn for niger has helped to. improve, the livelihoods of millions growing trees and forests in a sustainable way this transformation can. be called a major, accomplishment for any country especially when a country only receives an. average of 6.5 inches of rain for, a year in this video we're going to. tell you how and why niger was able to. turn its deserts, into huge farmlands so stick. with us and let's dive in to today's video  nigerwhich is a country in. north africa. the, savanna in the, african region. is covered by large. forests in the swampland the savanna is a semi-arid savanna that is covered in the wamplands in the middle of the africa savanna it's. re- managed just managed just re- re-managed the re-med re-managed the savanas in the western. reams of Africa it's, covered by, a. billion tons of carbon dioxide carbon dioxide absorb a. dust billion tons survive to survive 10. st. land managed farmer t. set annually farmer t, take a seed and. plants and. planting schemes which first. be natural regeneration and first nannah 2 trees to. be planted on. natural land.

In the African Sahel a country called Niger bordering the Sahara Desert, the largest desert in the world, is stopping desertification and turning is deserts into an Oasis.

Regenerative Agriculture is leading the way with a technique called Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration or FMNR 
FMNR was pioneered in the 1980s by Tony Rinaudo and Australian Agronomist who is widely known as the forest maker. The innovative technique has been adopted by local farmers through peer to peer learning making it cost effective and easy to implement. Over the last 40 years the visual results and the data have shown FMNR has been extremely successful in turning desert into farmland. It has regenerated 5 million hectors of degraded land, 200 million trees have been restored and has benefited 2.5 million people increasing house hold income by 18-24% the available arable land has doubled since the severe droughts of the 1970s and tree density has 10x since its all time low in the 1980s.

This is an extraordinary achievement considering Niger only receives on average 6.5 inches of rainfall a year and 80% of the country is considered a desert. The country has been effected by severe droughts and suffered huge land loss over the last decades and as a consequence Niger is one of the poorest countries in the world. However Niger has been turning this around, by turning its deserts into a farmland oasis through the technique of FMNR which you will learn more about in this video.


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#greeningthedesert

How Saudi Arabia Is Turning It's Desert Into Green Forest

Saudi Arabia measures a massive 2million square km, making it the 14th largest. country by landmass. 95 percent of the kingdom is a hotdry desert where you. find lots and lots of sand! It is also one of the few countries whereyou. find not a single permanent river! You are also looking at a country where theaverage. annual rainfall is below 150 mm all year round. However, if you zoom in on. the country,you will see something totally unexpected; arable land! Saudi Arabia is dotted by anetwork. of farmlands where agriculture thrives, an abnormality in the. hot desert! You will also immediately notice that mostof the farmlands are in circles! The. nation has 35,000 square kilometers ofarable land, which is larger than the Netherlands and largerthan. three times the size of Qatar! However, in the early sixties, Saudi Arabiaonly had 400. square km of arableLand! How did the oil-rich kingdom multiply itsarableLand in so. short a period? Join usin this video as we dive into the ingenious methods Saudi. Arabia has used to turn itsdesert into a farmland oasis! The technology is center pivot irrigation, and it has made a lot of difference to the country's water supplies. It involves using a mechanized irrigation system that can help to irrigate crops bymaintaining a circular pattern around a central pivot. By using the radial pipe system. of centerpivot irrigation, the water travels along astraight line down the field. This helps to ensure the uniformity of thewater being applied to the crops! Center pivot irrigation systems can coveras much as 130 acres in a straight system andnearly 155 acres inA swing-arm system, depending on the length of pipe attached. This makes the system for large-scale agriculture more suitable. The main components in a center pivot irrigation system include the control panel, which allows the farmers to operate the machinery. There are numerous types of control panels available for basic irrigation, including dry and wet running and running dry and running wet running dry. It is the brain of the irrigation setup, which can start and stop the machine, as well as change modes of operation, including changing direction and direction of the water entering the machine. The system is currently available for farmers currently picking up and running up the basic irrigation setup for their crops. It can also be used to pick up and run dry running dry, running dry running wet, running wet and running the water into the ground from the center pivot. This is the only way to get the most from the water that is pumped out of the aquifers in Saudi Arabia. While water is scarce on the surface, SaudiArabia sits on reservoirs of water, similar to how the kingdom sits. abovemassive amounts of crude oil. Mostof the water has gone to agriculture, whereLarge-scale irrigation has made planting andharvesting. possible! However,. there is one problem with pumpingwater from below the ground. Aquifers canrun out. of water,. especially when it supports large- scale irrigation like Saudi Arabia hasbeen doing. To conserve. its water, Saudi Saudi Arabia importeda technology, and they have used a system that is calledCenter pivot irrigation. This system can cover a smaller area compared to the area near the pivot point, which revolves around the centerpoint of the whole mechanism. The major part is a lengthyradial pipe that is supported by sprinkling towers. The radial pipe itself consists of equallyspaced nozzles to supply water to the surrounding crops. This. explains why thefarmlands shown at the beginning of this video are circular. The water isuniformly released. from the nozzle to offer nutrition to the crop. This allows the farmer to plant and harvest many kinds of fruits and vegetables. The center pivot system can be used in a number of different ways, including a swingarm system and a straight irrigation setup. The control panel contains the location of another component that allows the Farmer to control the machinery that allows him to harvest the crops from the central pivot point. It also allows the Farmers to pick and run wet and dry runningdry running wet. It was invented by an innovative Nebraska farmer namedFrank Zybach in 1948, whichhe patented in 1952. It has been used in the U.S. since the 1950s and has become a worldwide success story. It allows farmers to grow and harvest a variety of crops and produce millions of pounds of food. This video is part of a series of books. The book, "The Center Pivot Irrigation: The Story of the Center P pivot irrigation in the Middle East and North Africa, by Frank Zybach. The Story Behind The Center P pivoting System.

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