The Insane Scale of Europe’s New Mega-Tunnel

This is one of the world's biggest. construction projects. a 7.5 billion dollar feat of engineering. that's going to transform travel  across. an entire continent. This  is  the scan-med corridor  it's  the. northern access  of  the trans-european. transport network. It spans  nearly 5. 000 kilometers from Malta in the. Mediterranean to finland's icy Tundra. along the way  it drills  through  Alpine. mountains and crosses the sea. but  follow  the route  North  and  something. strange  happens. instead  of being  able  to. go straight  on  to Sweden  you  have to take  this 500  kilometer  detour  through. Denmark. It's  all  because of  this  stretch  of water  between Germany  and. Denmark called  the  female belt. this is  one  of Europe's  largest. construction  sites. it  will be  the longest  the most  tunnel. in the world. no  there's no instruction manual for building  anything like this. I  mean  the rescue  is that people  never stop  maybe  they just pass  through it. they're just  trying  our  nature  we're building. the Finland belt  tunnel between Denmark. and Germany  you might  not  heard  a female. or a tunnel but  this is one   of the  most technologically  advanced  Mega projects. on  the planet  absolutely  enormous like an aircraft  hangar  in here. It  epitomizes  the power of  construction. and  its  ability  to  change  our world. oh  wow, this is absolutely  incredible. you get  those  moments of  infrastructure. where  they  nail  both the engineering  and the architecture and  they kind of  come. together. I saw it on the Elizabeth Knight. did  it  really  well  lovely  Railway. did you get the same feeling  here? I  am  currently driving. over the Harrison Bridge  one of. the. world's  most  incredible  fields of. engineering. probably  one Of  its most  impressive  achievements. It might  look  like  much  but  it might be  a unassuming  structure  of. water  has thwarted  the plans of the best. Engineers  for decades. until  now. But  we can't  get  over  this. The Harrison Bridge is a massive bridge  linking two Danish. Islands. There's  an epic  bridge  and tunnel  Link in  Denmark  and Sweden  there’s  another. massive  Bridge  linking  two Danish Islands. It’ll be the  fastest  route  between  Scandinavia. and Central. Europe. and the Baltic Sea. The bridge  is probably  probably one of  its biggest. projects in the history of the European Union. It will be the longest and most. expensive bridge  in the whole of Europe. It has been designed by the same team that designed the Queen Elizabeth II railway line in the 1960s and 70s. It was built in the UK and is expected to be completed by the end of this year. It cost £1.2 billion. It is the biggest bridge in Europe and will cost around £1 billion to build. The tunnel is being built in Austria and will be completed in 2018. It'll be the biggest tunnel in Europe. it will be. the longest in the entire European Union and the second longest in North America. it's also the largest tunnel in North Africa and the third longest in South America. The longest tunnel in the Middle East and the seventh longest in Asia and the South Pacific. The first tunnel will be built in South Africa. The second will be in Russia and the fourth in the Mediterranean.

Denmark is building a record-breaking tunnel to Germany.
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HOW IT WORKS: The International Space Station

Sonny Williams shows us around the International Space Station. He explains how to use the bathroom and how to live in space like normal like at home. He also shows us how to brush your teeth and wash your face in space. Sonny Williams: "I wouldn't recommend at home I'm only up. here for four months so it's not that bad""I'm Sonny Williams. I'm up here on the International space Station. I'll show you around the space station. What do you do?" "What do you doing?" "I'm going in right now you can follow. me if you want so I'm inside it's sort of like a little phone booth. but it's pretty comfy I've got a sleeping bag right here that we sleep in" "I've got it sleeping feeling like I'm standing up right now but like you saw him. on the floor but it doesn't matter if I turn over and I sleep upside. down I can't have it I don't have any sensation in my head that tells. me that I'm upside down so it really doesn'tmatter the sleep station is also. like alittle office" "You know you can sleep in any orientation I. have it sleeping  and you'll have some water come out water is pretty neat up in space. it'll stick to your toothbrush and it will make a big bubble and that's just. my surface tension and then you can drink it" "It's like mouthwash but it tastes a little gross or you can just spit it out in a paper towel and then I'm closing it up and it smells a little bit so I make things get a lot of things get go and it's a pretty good way to get things going" "What kind of toilet paper do you have?" "We have some Russian wipes which are a little coarse because sometimes it does get messy because it gets it mixed up which is nice this is yellows for number one and number two and I might add it's so coded so you don't really get it really you don’t really want to add it to the list" "There's a little moon on the outside this is our orbital outhouse right here [Music] and of. course it serves for two functions number two right here" "The bathroom essentially you get up in the morning and we. have a little kit and it has all the essential things that you need like. your a tooth brush and toothpaste and brush see how much better the brush. makes my hair look I'm just joking it still stands up straight it's always going to stand up straight while you're up inspace" "So what's the bathroom like?" "Well you can do a little suspension by hanging by hanging on right here and doing. doing. number one  and doing  two and doing  number two" "That's what I'm doing right here right here is number one so there's a sort of two functions but you know again all you have to do is turn yourself and your. reference changes the reason I'm bringing that up is because this is where four out. of six of us sleep and so people always ask about sleeping in space" "How do you actually live. in space?" "You just have to have pretty good aim and you'll be sure to be ready to let go and you're ready to go" "And that's the only thing I wouldn't advise at home" "We don't. fly all over the place but you can't fly all around the place" "This is a little you might have noticed a. littlemoon on theOutside this is nice and you can also get it mixed  up which  is nice" "When you're in space you can get it all mixed up and get it to get messy" "If you want to go to the bathroom you can go to a different part of the station and get some water and then get it out of the way" "Let's take a. look at that little piece of work come on and [ music] here we are at. the throne this is awesome you might see the little you may have noticed the little" "A little Moon on theoutside this is the little moon," "I'll have a couple little toys" "These are some of the things that make it kind of like home" and "that's the way to make it feel like home." "I don't know if you're going to be able to go back to your home in the next few weeks or a few months" "Where are you going to go for a vacation" "Have you ever been on a vacation on the ISS?" "Yes, I'm going to tell you how to get back to Earth. I've been on one of the places where you can take a break from your daily life in a way that makes it feel a little more like home in a different way"

This explains each interior area, crew living quarters, and scientific equipment.

Golden Gate Bridge | The CRAZY Engineering behind it

The golden gate bridge is a suspension bridge floating over the pacific ocean. The bridge was constructed using a system of suspension cables and a concrete road deck. 250 pairs of vertical cable were used to connect the bridge to the main cable. A net was installed underneath the bridge deck as the construction of the bridge progressed. The structure was far from an easy task due to foggy and windy conditions at the site to facilitate the process workers prefabricated each member of the truss. and brought them to the site via ships assembly of the individual members was accomplished. using a derrick and their connections were secured via rivets to ensure the safety of. the laborers. The golden gate Bridge is now ready to support vehicle movement but not yet we must tackle another major engineering challenge associated with thermal expansion and expansion of the concrete and steel structure. We'll examine some details of concrete road top construction on this solid. solid solid solid concrete top of the golden gate bridges bridge. We will also explore the mesmerizing engineering feats the goldengate bridge has achieved come along with a video of some of the best parts of the construction process. We hope to see you on the next leg of our journey to see the bridge in action. we'll see you in New York City on November 17th. We're looking forward to seeing you in the United States on November 18th. we will see you at the opening ceremony of the New York World Trade Center in Manhattan on November 19th. For more information on the Golden Gate Bridge go to: http://www.goldengatebridge.com/. We'll also be showing you a video from the construction site of the Brooklyn Bridge in the U.S. on November 20th, 21st, and 22nd, 2013. We look forward to meeting you in NYC on November 25th and 28th, 2013 at the Brooklyn Museum in Brooklyn, New York, for the unveiling of the new Brooklyn Bridge. We also hope to meet you in San Francisco on November 28th and 29th, 2014 at the White House in Washington, D.C. for the 50th anniversary of the opening of the World Trade Centre. We've been waiting for this day for more than a decade. We are so excited to finally meet you! We hope you will join us for the celebration! We'll be in the middle of New York and San Francisco for the first time on November 30th and 31st, 2014. We can't wait to see what the future holds for the Golden gate Bridge! we'll be there for a long time to come! We're so excited about the future of this amazing structure! We will be there to see how it will change the way we look at the world. We won't be there long enough to see all the benefits and challenges it will offer us in the years to come. We want to see it in its full glory! We want it to be the inspiration for a new generation of bridges. We need to see this bridge as well as the inspiration behind the next generation of high-tech transportation systems. Let's see how we can make this bridge a reality by creating a new type of bridge that can withstand the challenges of today's oceans. We must first understand the design details of the suspension cable system and how it was constructed. We have to understand how the cable system was designed to withstand the currents of the ocean. We  need to understand the cables' tensile load and how they are connected to the road deck so that the bridge won't fail. The main cable is under a huge. Tensile load this applies force on the tower. The tension in the cable will lead to the formation of cracks on the concrete deck since concrete is brittle in nature. we need the same force acting in the opposite direction we need to cancel this. horizontal force we need a solution for this issue. The solution is to extend themain cable and anchor it down to the ground via an anchorage system however we can optimize the financial resources needed to construct this bridge with. a simple idea all weneed to do is move the towers closer to one. another now the length of the unsupported bridge deck is reduced due to this tension. in the Cable will be reduced this will obviously lead to a cable with less. cross-section area the width of the main cables are more than half the height of the average human as a tourist attraction a piece of this impressive main cable can be. demonstrated near the gold gate bridge. This is a very efficient way to construct a bridge that could overcome all the drawbacks of a conventional. beam bridge. It's a suspension design that can provide passageways for ships underneath the ocean and provide a passageway for ships under the sea. It can also provide an arch shape for ships. It would be extremely high to maintain the arch shape the bridge would need to be very high such a structure would be quite complex to construct that's why mr. joseph strauss opted for a suspended design for this site. It was built in the Philippines.

The design and construction of the Golden gate bridge led to revolution in Civil engineering. Let's understand all the magical engineering behind the Golden gate bridge.

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The $37BN Road That's Changing a Country

The trans-sumatra toll road is one of the biggest infrastructure projects in southeast asia. The road will stretch for nearly 3,000 kilometers from the port of bakueni in the south to the city of bandaraki in the north. It's part of a plan to build a network of new routes across. indonesia that includes this  the. trans-Sumatra Toll Road. The project is part of an effort to improve the infrastructure of the island of sumatra, which produces nearly a quarter of the country's GDP. The island has a small and largely disconnected rail system and traveling by road for any significant distance means you're in for a bit of a bumpy ride. The government wants to reduce the logistic cost and reduce the travel time for people returning from the muslim holiday season of eid al fatir. The toll road will be completed by the end of the year when it will span the entire length of  the island. It will be the first of its kind in the world and will cost an estimated $1.5 billion to build. The cost of building the road is expected to be around $1 billion and it will be paid for by a combination of tolls and tolls on the road itself. The first phase of the project will cost around $100 million. The second phase will cost about $200 million and will be complete by the middle of next year. The third and final phase will be funded by a mixture of public and private funds. The fourth and final stage will be financed by a mix of private money and private investment. The fifth and final part of the plan will be built by the government and is due to be completed in the next few years. It is expected that the tolls will not be paid by the public but by the private sector. The final phase is set to cost $150 million and it is planned to be finished in the summer of 2015. The last phase will see the construction of a series of new roads and bridges across the island, connecting towns and cities along the west coast and the more remote western coasts. The construction of the toll road has already begun and is set for completion in 2016. The plan is to connect towns  and villages along the western coast with towns and ports  and ports to the east. The aim is to make the island  more accessible to people from the east and the west. This will help to boost the economic growth. of Indonesia's second largest island, sumatra. It produces nearly  a quarter  of  indonesian's gdp. and  it's a major test  for the nation's infrastructure. every  year  hundreds. of thousands  of people  return  to  their. home  towns and  villages in sumatra for the eid holiday season. This is a giant  homecoming  for  people  all  across. the country. There's even. live coverage of the traffic  as  hundreds of thousands of people travel back and forth across the country on trains, ferries, planes and ferries. There are  special  services  laid  on  for. trains  ferries  and  planes  there's  even. a live  live  coverage  of the  traffic as people travel  back and back for eid  al. fatir, which is a festival of Eid al-Fitr. The festival is a celebration of Islam's holy month of Ramadan. It takes place between September and October and is followed by a week of fasting and feasting. The holiday season is also known as the Eid al. al-Adha, or the Festival of the Sacrifice. In Indonesia it's known as " Eid Al-Fitir" or the Feast of the Three Holy Weeks. The Eid Al. Days are a time when people come back to their home towns and villages to celebrate. the festival is also a chance for people to say goodbye to their loved ones. This year, the government is planning to celebrate the festival by building a new road that will link up with the north and the south. The new road will cost more than $500 million. It was designed to link the south and the north with a new port in Bandaraki, the largest city in the island's north. The main highway will provide a link  from  the south  to the north  and. the remote western coast of Indonesia. When it's completed, the road will run for nearly 2,500 kilometers.

This 2,700-kilometre highway could transform Sumatra. See how infrastructure engineering software leader Bentley Systems is redefining how roads and bridges across the globe are designed, built, and maintained - https://bit.ly/3OP6cYE

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Egypt Built a Supertall Skyscraper in the Desert

Egypt is getting back into the mega project game with its new administrative capital or NAC. It's being built in a 700 square kilometer stretch of desert which will. one day be home to 6 million people. The NAC is getting  this  the iconic  Tower. the  world's tallest building but the Great Pyramid of Giza has held it for four millennia. There's lots of  reasons for  building an entire New City from scratch. Indonesia is constructing  new  santara to replace its current capital  Jakarta which is. quite  literally  sinking. South Korea is building a high-tech floating city to beat  rising  sea levels. The  NAC came  about  because of  this. Cairo has  been  plagued  by overcrowding. for decades  and  it's  only  getting  worse. The city is now  so  bad that  the  place. is literally grinding  to a halt. and  why  is Egypt  so. desperate  for  one  that  it’s  building  a  in the  middle  of this. [Music]. It's  quite  possibly  the most  ambitious. new development  yet  this is  its  new. administrative capital  a city the  size. of  Singapore  that's being  built  from. scratch in the desert. It will have. Monumental  architecture  reminiscent  of. the Pharaohs  Grand  government buildings. and housing for. some  6  million  people. And  there's  no  glitzy  new city  would  be. complete  without  a showpiece  skyscraper. But  is it. really  this easy  can  anyone  just drop  a few  billion  dollars and get  a new fully. functioning  City  and why  does Egypt  need one so badly? The answer is  yes, it's very simple. It just  takes a few billion dollars and a lot of time and money to build a new city from scratch in a remote location in the middle of the desert in Egypt. And it's not easy to do. It takes a long time to build an entire  New City  from scratch but it's worth it in the long run. It'll be  a huge  new Finance  Hub and  housing for some 6  million people and it will be  incredibly  home to some  of the world's most important people. It  will also be  one of the most beautiful  cities in the world. It’ll be  the largest city in the Middle East and will have a skyline the likes of which the world has never seen before. It won’t even be the tallest building in Africa but it will have the best views of the Red Sea and the most spectacular skyline in the whole of Africa. It could be the biggest  tallest  building in the entire world. it will also have  the best public transport system in the history of the country. It has  the highest level of public transport in the country and will be the first  of its kind in the Arab world. There will be a huge new finance hub and a new  finance hub in the heart of the city. It is being built  in a  700  kilometer  stretch  of desert  which  will one  day  incredibly be home  to some of the greatest people on the planet. The new capital  will be called NAC and it's set to be built in  the desert near the city of Alexandria. The first phase of the project is expected to be completed by the end of next year. The second phase will be completed in 2015. It  will be known as the NAC, the second phase in 2016 and the third phase in 2017. The third phase will begin in 2018 and the fourth phase in 2019. The fourth phase will take place in 2020 and the final phase in 2023.

Africa has its first supertall skyscraper.
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Hoover Dam | All the Secrets of the Engineering Wonder

The magnificent hoover dam which was constructed 80 years ago still stands strong and serves the fields of irrigation flood control and power production. Even during a. torrential rainfall you won't see hooer dam overflowing like this causing destruction welcome to the. engineering secrets of hoovers dam in this video. The main design part of this dam is now complete now for. the most interesting part executing its construction being an arch-gravity dam it needs strong mountain. walls to transfer the load. The first task during the hoov's construction was to remove all those weathered rocks until only the virgin ones remained to reach the virgin rocks. The workmen drilled holes using jackhammers and blasted them. using dynamite after blasting acrobatic workmen were sent with ropes to clear the area. The final task was to fill the dam with water to the highest possible level. The height of the dam was 726 feet. The maximum flood discharge that can occur during the dam's lifespan depends on the regional rainfall data and catchment area after constructing such a tall dam even during a torrential river flow if the dam is not getting filled to its capacity then it. has obviously been over designed. The design of a gravity arch. dam can overcome the issues of tensile stress and stability this increasing. width design can also resist sheer forces the water pressure diagram on the dam body. is not uniform but is triangular in shape and increases toward the base however since. the area of thedam increases to the base the shear stress value at every. cross section is nearly identical. The dam was built in the 1970s and 1980s by a team of engineers led by mr john savage. It is located in the state of Arizona near the colorado river. It was completed in the early 1980s and is now considered one of the world's most important hydroelectric power stations. It provides electricity generation and flood control for nearby cities and also does flood control. It also provides water storage capacity for the U.S. and Mexico. It has a capacity of more than 1.5 billion cubic feet of water per day. It's located on the banks of thecolorado river near the town of Pueblo. The project was funded by a private foundation and has been in operation since the 1990s. It cost $1.6 billion to build. It will be completed by the end of next year and is expected to cost $2.5 million to complete. The construction of the new dam will be funded by the federal government. The cost of the project is estimated to be around $1 billion. It  will be the largest dam in the United States and the second largest in the world after the Hoover dam. The  Hoover dam was constructed in the 1940s and 1970s by the same team that built the San Francisco Hoover Dam. It sits on a site that is now known as the San Luis Valley in Arizona and is home to some of the most beautiful mountain ranges in the western United States. The reservoir was built on the west side of the state. The water flow through the canyon is controlled by a system of canals and canals. It can also be accessed by a series of small canals that run along the canyon's eastern side. The canyon walls have a decent height and narrow gaps. between them allowing for huge savings on construction materials. The reason the mountains are chosen for their height is because of their height. The mountain walls are strong enough to support the weight of the water. The mountains also have narrow gaps between them that can be easily bridged by the construction of a dam that is the same height as the mountain walls. This allows for a dam to be built at a height that was cost effective meets the water demand of nearby cities. The high dam height was chosen so that it can meet the water demands of nearby towns and also do flood control the height he chose. was 7 26 feet. This design is called an arch dam technology when you give. curvature to a dam it becomes an archdam as shown this archdam deforms under the. water loading. This is the simple beauty of archdam technology. If we put the dam under. service it still has a good chance of toppling due to the strong water pressure. If the dam can withstand strong compression forces it will still have a good chances of toppled due to its curvature. The arch dam design is a much simpler solution one that does not require steel rods.

The magnificent Hoover Dam which was constructed 80 years ago, still stands strong and serves the US in the fields of irrigation, flood control, and power production. Even during a torrential rainfall you won’t see Hoover dam overflowing like this causing destruction. Welcome to the engineering secrets of Hoover Dam. In this video, you are going to assume the role of Hoover Dam design engineer Mr. John Savage and design and construct a gigantic dam in Arizona’s Colorado River.

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Singapore’s Bold Plan to Build the Farms of the Future

Singapore currently imports 90 of its food supply. The government has laid out an ambitious goal to produce 30 of its own food by 2030. Urban farms are popping up inside outside and everywhere in between as the world's urban population continues to grow. These might just be the farms of the future and construction will need to know how to build them. The groundwork has already been laid for edible landscaping in singapore thanks to a 2009 city planning policy called lush which stands for landscaping for urban spaces and high rises. The process can be quite energy intensive and after labor energy and technology costs it can be hard for urban farmers to compete with the price of the food they are producing. It has become a well oiled ecosystem or almost an ecosystem at this point in a sense the groundwork is already laid for edible landscaping in the city. The city has built 260 edible gardens in sing Singapore whether it's for homes hotels restaurants on. top of shopping malls in schools and then in a lot of various underutilized land. around the city over the last decade bjorn has seen the sector shift from being. led by smaller farmers like himself to getting major government and industry investment so you. have a number of big commercial players coming in whether it’s from the fish farms. or the egg farms you know we you have uh technology providers coming from holland. uh from japan wanting to use singapore as a platform as a launch pad for. their technology it has Become a wellOiled ecosystems or almost a ecosystem atthis. point in this. point at this time in asense the groundwork has been laid to build edible landscape in the city in 2017 in 2017 lush was updated to include a provision that allowed rooftop farms to count towards the required landscape. replacement area of a building now with the government's 30 by 30 push to produce. more ofits own food urban farming looking like it could have its own renaissance. building quite literally on top of the success of lush so singapore is looking at. a strategy of increasing production from that one percent of land true technology approaches whether. it's building vertical farms factory indoor farms battery farm production systems for eggs and intensive. agriculture systems right now you're probably picturing something like this and to some degree you're. right indoor farming is part of singapore's plan artisan green grows spinach in a controlled. indoor environment using water instead of soil and pesticides using hydraulic power to rotate. and irrigate crops in modular vertical frames the racks can be stacked up to 9. meters and housed in outdoor greenhouses. It can be very energy intensive but while controlled environments can help avoid some of. the pitfalls of traditional farming like water pollution caused by pesticide runoff the process can also be hard. for urban Farmers to competition with the cost of food. It's also important to make singaporean. government's food supply more resilient to make its food Supply more resilient the sing Singaporean government has set a target of producing 30 of  its own food by 2030 to make it more resilient in the event of a global pandemic or geopolitical tensions disrupt the supply chain. To learn more about urban farming visit singapore's urban farming website. The Singaporean government has also set a goal of producing 30 of its food by 2030 to be able to produce more of its food within your. own borders. To see more of the city's food supply by 2030 go to: singapore.gov. Singapore.au/singapore/30/30-30-food-by-20/food-sourcing-sustainable-sustainability-solution-satellite-says-the-singaporean-government-and-the government-of-succeeding-sustained-business-sector-and sucreative-food sustaining-food supply-solutions-sources.

Singapore wants to produce 30% of its nutritional needs by 2030, so farms are popping up inside, outside and everywhere in between. For more by Tomorrow’s Build subscribe now - https://bit.ly/3vOOJ98

Executive Producer and Narrator - Fred Mills
Producer - Jaden Urbi
Video Editing and Graphics - James Durkin

Special thanks to Bjorn Low, Edible Garden City and Singapore Food Agency.

Additional footage and images courtesy of Artisan Green, Sky Greens, Citiponics, Gensler and Arup.

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